This report has comprehensively analyzed the achievements and shortcomings of the economic and social environment development in the Qilian Mountain region. （1）The proportion of GDP in the Qilian Mountain region to the total GDP of Gansu and Qinghai Provinces has been generally on a declining trend，and the macro indicators of economic development，industrial structure and resident income has varied widely among the cities and prefectures in the Qilian Mountain region. （2）The water consumption in the Qilian Mountain region has decreased，despite the low overall water utilization efficiency；in the total water consumption，the proportion of water used for irrigation in farmland has been significantly higher than the proportion of water used for other purposes and remained above 70%. The effect of water saving in industry has also been relatively significant. （3）The total carbon emissions in the Qilian Mountain region has been growing fast，and the proportion of carbon emissions in the Qilian Mountain region to the total in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces has generally showed an upward trend；in the total carbon emissions，the proportion of carbon emissions from industrial fossil energy consumption has exceeded 60%，and the contribution of industrial processes to carbon emissions in the Qilian Mountain region has been more than 1/4 at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan. （4）The terrestrial ecosystem in the Qilian Mountain region features strong carbon storage （carbon sink） and plays a large role in carbon sequestration. Finally，this report has proposed corresponding countermeasures，including：Accelerating the construction of green ecological industry system；strengthening water conservation in key areas，especially in agricultural irrigation，and comprehensively promoting the construction of a water conservation society；continuing to promote energy conservation and emission reduction，continuously improving the proportion of new energy use，and continuously reducing the intensity of carbon emissions；implementing the Qilian Mountain ecosystem protection and restoration project，and continuously improving the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink and carbon storage.