The abandonment of farmland not only causes a great waste of land resources，but also poses a certain threat to China’s food security. This report finds that since the 21^st century，the phenomenon of farmland abandonment has been widespread in China，with the abandonment rate fluctuating around 5.86 percent. The phenomenon of farmland abandonment is most serious when the farmland becomes finer and the slope is greater than 15°. However，China’s farmland abandonment has also shifted from high altitude to low altitude areas. In addition，the spatial transfer and regional differences of farmland abandonment in China have brought about several prominent issues. The shift of the center of gravity of farmland abandonment to the southern China and the dislocation of the spatial distribution of water resources with more in the south and less in the north will exacerbate the water soil imbalance. The abandonment of farmland in the grain production and consuming balance areas and the major grain-consuming areas has further increased the pressure on China to achieve its grain self-sufficiency strategy. The abandonment rate of the supplementary farmland is always higher than that of the original farmland，which affects the implementation effect of the farmland occupation and compensation balance policies. The main incentives for the abandonment of farmland in China include low agricultural comparative benefits，poor land circulation mechanisms，and the strategy of supplementing farmland with inferior land. The report proposes to take multiple measures to improve agricultural comparative income and solve the problem of agricultural human capital shortage，break through barriers such as high rent，difficulties in transferring out，and land system constraints. Moreover，there is a need to improve the “party and government responsibility” supervision mechanism for farmland protection and food security.