The number of all types of mental patients in China is more than 100 million. At the same time，the number of heavy mental patients in China is even more than 16 million. Emotional health in China has become a hot issue of concern. Protecting the rights of persons with mental disorders is an important part of the protection of human rights，and it also has great significance for building a socialist harmonious society. This report defines the concept of mental disorders，it also presents the legal provisions and protection of the rights of the persons with mental disorders，and makes the introduction of the progress of the progress of the protection of the rights of the mental patients，and analyses the problems the problems and challenges about the protecting the rights of the persons with mental disorders in China. Finally，this report gives some suggestions about increasing the protection of the rights of the persons with mental disorders.