The healthy development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the driving force of the rapid development of the national economy in the new era and the benchmark of the national strategy. Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of the socialist system，the lofty ideal of several generations of our party，and also the major strategic deployment of the current party and the country. This paper constructs a measurement index system of common prosperity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt around the essence，connotation，and goal of common prosperity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，and explores the road to common prosperity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the three macro dimensions of “politics”，“economy”，and “society”，It is proposed to deeply understand the theoretical connotation of common prosperity and explore a balanced，coordinated and inclusive development path；Consolidate the economic system guarantee of common prosperity and thoroughly implement the strategy of regional coordinated development；Spiritual prosperity and material prosperity should be promoted at the same time to build a society with a high degree of coexistence of material civilization and spiritual civilization；We will comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy and narrow the gap between urban and rural life.