The scientific and technological innovation driving force（S&T IDFI）has become a leading factor in the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. By constructing the evaluation system of the S&T IDFI based on the AHP-EVM model，this paper makes a quantitative assessment of the S&T IDFI in 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt，divides the cities into grades in general，and compares and analyzes the ranking of cities in the sub-system of the S&T IDFI. Meanwhile，the capacity structure model is used to analyze the development of regional collaborative innovation. Based on the sub-system structure of the S&T IDFI，the key city combination with high possibility of collaborative innovation and the benefit pattern of collaborative innovation are mainly revealed.