In the early 90 s，our country has carried out space mutagenesis science experiment，and verify the space radiation environment of the genetic mutation effect of plant seeds，quantified by molecular markers such as molecular biology technology the mutation frequency of plant genome level，also by phenotypic observation estimates the mutation frequency of different similar agronomic traits. The 21st century，our country launched completely specifically for agriculture “at” in the field of satellite，deployed 7 space environment detection laboratory equipment，to the study of space mutation mechanism for use experimental data to support the space mutagenesis scientific hypothesis，for subsequent offer a scientific basis for the science of space breeding experiment design. The development of molecular genetics and genomics has promoted the relevant technological progress，and enabled us to have a deeper understanding of the mechanism and mechanism of space mutation in space breeding. Gene mutation has been extended from genomics to epigenetics and other more extensive research fields. Through the study of mutagenesis mutation mechanism，the application of space breeding technology is promoted and strengthened，which can accurately capture mutation，quickly identify and screen in the offspring population，reduce blindness in the breeding process，increase accuracy and improve breeding efficiency.