With the development of genetic engineering technology of modern molecular biology，especially the breakthrough and rapid development of genome sequencing technology，breeders’ understanding of genetic principle of agricultural breeding has reached unprecedented depth，thus greatly improving the level of modern agricultural breeding technology. The application of these technologies has also enriched the research means of space breeding，and enabled researchers to have a more thorough understanding of the principle of space mutation breeding，and to analyze and summarize the commonness and uniqueness，so as to make better use of space breeding technology. In the process of research and application，model organisms were used to carry out space mutagenesis breeding of plants，animals and microorganisms，various genetic models and breeding technology systems were constructed，and high-energy heavy ion radiation devices were built for ground simulation. Combined with genetic engineering technology，the new genes created by mutagenesis can be identified quickly and accurately，giving full play to the utilization value of space breeding germplasm resources. The mutation library produced by space breeding provides new materials for the study of genetic engineering technology. They complement each other and form force and thrust for the popularization and industrialization of space breeding technology.