Space breeding is a practical activity that human beings start to put earth lives into space and create genetic improvement on different cultivars or varieties，which results in integration of space environmental information into the target lives and steers the evolution of earth life that never happened in the life history. The review generalizes the developmental history，current status and future trends of space breeding，especially emphasis is placed on the history of space breeding in China，detailed coverage includes space loading，identification of trait improvement，cultivation of new cultivar or variety and industrial development of space breeding，system summary focuses on the advances and achievement of theoretical study and practical breeding events，and finally brief state is given on the future developmental trends of spacing breeding. Take it together，Chinese space breeders are undertaking a great career that benefits Chinese citizens and our country，brings well beings to human beings on earth and steers the evolutionary pathway of earth lives.