Oral mucosal disease is one of the most common oral diseases in the elderly. These diseases are related to the aging changes of oral physiology and systemic diseases in the elderly. With the increase of age，the oral mucosa becomes increasingly weak，smooth，and dry，with loss of elasticity and stippling. Rust-like pigmentation and edema often appear in the oral mucosa，which is also more vulnerable to injury. Thus，the incidence of oral mucosal lesions，whether benign proliferative lesions，precancerous lesions or malignant lesions，is much higher in the elderly than in the young. Therefore，we should actively prevent common oral mucosal diseases in the elderly according to the causes，develop good oral health and living habits，and ensure the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly.