At present，China’s aging population is accelerating，and the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development is prominent. Therefore，paying attention to the sleep status of vulnerable groups and promoting sleep equality among different groups is not only a necessary meaning of healthy China construction，but also an important part of promoting common prosperity. Based on the Chinese Social Mentality Survey 2022，we examined the sleep status and sleep equality in 2022. Additionally，we examined the effect of social mentality，as well as the effect of beliefs related to common prosperity，on individuals’ sleep status. The results demonstrated that：（1）People’s sleep duration and self-rated sleep quality need to be improved，especially for middle-aged，elderly people（i.e. those aged 50 or above）and women. （2）Socioeconomic status positively predicted self-rated sleep quality. It is necessary to promote sleep equality and narrow the sleep health disparities during the process of advancing common prosperity. （3）High-quality sleep depended on a positive and healthy mental environment，and a positive social mentality served as the social psychological basis for improving people’s sleep status. （4）Beliefs related to common prosperity （including class system justification belief，class mobility belief，belief in reward for application，as well as internal attributions on affluence） played a positive role in improving sleep status and promoting sleep equality.