With a fact that the world today is fast-evolving with many significant changes unseen in a century，scientific and technological innovation has a profound impact on the world structure and even determines the future and destiny of a country and its nation. A sound national innovation system is the key support for accelerating the building of a strong country in innovation，science and technology. Therefore，this report mainly studies the progress，opportunities and challenges in the construction of national innovation system in latest years. Firstly，we review recent measures and characteristics of national innovation system construction of some major global economies in the world，then analyze recent situation of China’s innovation and its national innovation system construction and put forward relevant thoughts. Finally，we focus on the national major strategy——Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to discuss the latest innovation system construction plan.