Health literacy is a critical determinant factor of health and a comprehensive evaluation index of economic and social development level. Improving the health literacy of the whole people is one of the most fundamental，economical and effective measures to improve the health level of the whole people. What’s more，“residents’ health literacy level” has become the effectiveness evaluation index of Outline of “Healthy China 2030” Plan and Healthy China Action （2019-2030）. Since 2012，the national residents’ health literacy monitoring has been carried out. By the end of 2021，the monitoring task has been completed for 10 consecutive years. The monitoring results show that the health literacy level of urban and rural residents in China is steadily improving，from 8.80% in 2012 to 25.40% in 2021. However，there is still a large room for improvement，and there is also an imbalance between urban and rural areas，regions and populations. The effective strategies and measures to improve the health literacy of the public include conscientiously implementing the decisions and deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，solidly promoting the construction of a healthy China，vigorously carrying out health promotion and health education from the three parties of government，society and individuals，vigorously promoting the integration of health into all policies，actively conducting the construction of healthy areas and places，widely implementing the popularization of health knowledge，doing a good job in major projects of health literacy promotion，enhancing the research and summary of appropriate technologies，strengthening the construction of professional system and capacity for health education，etc.