With the development of social economy and the process of urbanization，traffic-related air pollution has become one of the significant sources of urban air pollution. Its impacts on population health has become an important public health issue，which attracts great attention from the society. Studies show that urban traffic-related air pollution，including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants would adversely affect human health and have a combined effect with traffic noise. Accurate evaluation of exposure levels of traffic-related air pollution，quantitative analysis of its health impact and scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention measures can provide an important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of urban traffic-related air pollution as well as the promotion of residents’ health in the cities，therefore scientifically assist the construction of healthy cities.