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    北京养老事业养老产业高质量协同发展路径研究

    摘要

    “十三五”期间,北京市老年人口与失能老龄人口在户籍总人口中的比重进一步加大,老龄人口男女比重失衡、各地区老龄化程度不一、老年抚养系数逐渐提高,城乡养老保障金差距大。从养老事业来看,顶层设计更加完善,基本形成“多层次就近养老服务”布局,社会养老保障稳步提升;从养老产业来看,养老服务市场规模总体扩张,产业融合程度逐步加深,行业领头羊发挥示范效应;从养老事业与养老产业的协同发展来看,北京市切实减轻了养老企业的税费负担,逐步提高了对养老机构的扶持力度,重点打造国有养老“旗舰”企业。存在的问题:统筹协调力度不够,行政部门横向沟通有待加强;市区内外供需不平衡,就近养老、周边养老资源有待整合;养老产业关联度不高,产业纵向延伸有待推进。基于此,笔者建议北京市要分步骤制定发展规划,分区域优化养老配给,分领域搭建产业体系,分场景推动科技赋能;针对当前事业产业发展现状,精准研判未来发展趋势,重点解决市区郊区养老资源平衡配置问题,补充普惠性养老服务供给问题,提升社区居家运营能力并丰富老年人的精神文化生活等,延续事业产业协同发展轨迹。

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    Abstract

    In During the “13th Five Year Plan” period,the proportion of the elderly population and the disabled elderly population in the total registered residence population in Beijing further increased,the proportion of elderly men and women was unbalanced,the degree of aging in various regions was different,the elderly dependency coefficient gradually increased,and the gap between urban and rural old-age security funds was large. From the perspective of the elderly care business,the top-level design is more perfect,the layout of “multi-level nearby elderly care services” is basically formed,and the social elderly care security is steadily improved;From the perspective of the elderly care industry,the overall scale of the elderly care service market has expanded,the degree of industrial integration has gradually deepened,and the industry leader has played an exemplary role;From the perspective of the coordinated development of the elderly care business and the elderly care industry,the tax burden of elderly care enterprises has been effectively reduced,the support for elderly care institutions has been gradually increased,and the focus is on building a state-owned “flagship” enterprise for elderly care. The overall coordination is not enough,and the horizontal communication between the administrative departments needs to be strengthened;The supply and demand inside and outside the urban area are unbalanced,and the endowment resources around the nearby elderly care areas need to be integrated;The elderly care industry is not highly related,and the vertical extension of the industry needs to be promoted. Based on this,it is suggested to formulate development plans step by step,optimize endowment rationing in different regions,build industrial systems in different fields,and promote technology empowerment in different scenarios;In view of the current situation of the development of the business industry,we will accurately study and judge the future development trend,focus on solving the problem of balanced allocation of elderly care resources in urban and suburban areas,supplement the supply of inclusive elderly care services,improve the community’s ability to operate at home and enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly,and continue the coordinated development path of the business industry.

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    作者简介
    朱妮娜:朱妮娜,经济学博士,北京工业大学经济与管理学院、北京现代制造业发展研究基地副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为养老产业创新与智慧养老。
    宋文:
    高易众:
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