Farmers are the main participants in the improvement of rural human settlements and are the endogenous driving force for the improvement. Based on the questionnaire data of rural human settlements improvement in many provinces in the east，middle，west and northeast of China，this report focuses on the comparison and analysis of farmers’ participation in the projects of Rural Toilet Revolution，Village Clean Action，Domestic Waste Treatment，Domestic Sewage Treatment and Village Appearance Improvement. The results show that：1.The overall participation of farmers in rural human settlements improvement projects is relatively high，but the proportion of process participation varies greatly，and the gap between regions is obvious. 2.The participation ranked the highest in the eastern region，followed by the central region，the third in the northeast region，and the lowest in the western region. 3.According to the assignment calculation，the age，education level，political outlook and position in the village of farmers will have an impact on the participation，while gender，employment and income level will have little impact on the participation of farmers. 4.The role of the grass-roots organization system is not fully played，and the villagers’ recognition is not high enough. Therefore，it is suggested that we should continue to promote the human settlement environment improvement project，focus on key areas，encourage participation in the whole process.