The pharmaceutical industry is related to the safety of people’s lives and national strategic security. Enhancing the resilience of the pharmaceutical industry chain and supply chain is a necessary measure for the sustainable development of the industry. By measuring International Market Share，Trade Competitiveness Index，Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of the pharmaceutical industry and its product segments in 2010，2015 and 2017-2020，it is found that the international competitiveness of China’s pharmaceutical industry is relatively weak，with the risk of “Technology low-end Locked-in” in the industry chain. Besides，through the measurement of Gini-Hirschman Index and Trade Balance Index，it is found that China’s biopharmaceuticals and other high technology products at the top end of the industry chain are more dependent on foreign countries，and the industry chain is not sufficiently resilient to risks. To improve the resilience of China’s pharmaceutical industry and supply chain，it is essential to increase investment in R&D，advance the layout of industrial and supply chain，cultivate leading enterprises and other aspects to cope with internal and external shocks，reduce the risk of chain breakage and further enhance the resilience of China’s pharmaceutical industry and supply chain.