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    中国检察公益诉讼受案范围地方立法之实证研究

    摘要

    检察公益诉讼受案范围的地方立法存在“等内”范围严重重复上位法、“等外”范围拓宽幅度过大、民事与行政检察公益诉讼受案范围混同等问题,不仅不符合《立法法》关于地方立法应当细化上位法的规定,也有超出法律保留事项进行创制性立法之嫌。在“等内”范围的限定方面,地方立法应当构建重复立法审查机制,督促地方结合本地区实际情况,开展中央立法中“等内”范围的具体化工作。在“等外”范围的限缩方面,应当改变民事行政不分的立法现状。对于民事公益诉讼,从利益主体、利益涉及的范围、利益内容三个方面界定社会公共利益的内涵,并将私法自治能处理的事项排除出公益诉讼范畴。对于行政公益诉讼,将“等外”范围限定在行政机关维护国家利益、社会公共利益的职责范围内,并将不当行使公权力与损害之间的因果关系作为界定行政公益诉讼范围的标准。

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    Abstract

    There are some problems in local legislations of scope of accepting cases brought by a procuratorial authority for public interest. Their regulations about “within” range seriously repeat with host law,and extended scope of “similar” is too wide,and the scopes of accepting cases with civil and administrative are mixed up. Their regulations not only does not conform to the rule of legislation law,which stipulates local legislations should be refined host law’s regulations,also might have beyond legal reservations and create new rules. In terms of the limitation of the scope of “within”,local legislations should establish a repeat legislative review mechanism,and urge local lawmakers to formulate laws that are more specific than central legislation according to the actual situation of their own regions. In the limit of the scope of “similar”,we should change the legislative status of mixing civil and administrative. For civil procuratorial public interest litigation,the connotation of social public interest is defined from three aspects of interest subjects,the scope of interest involved and the content of interest,and the matters that can be handled by the autonomy of private law are excluded from the category of public interest litigation. For administrative procuratorial public interest litigation,the scope of “similar” is limited to the duty of administrative organs of safeguard national interests and social public interests,and the causal relationship between improper exercise of public power and damage is taken as the standard to define the scope of administrative public interest litigation.

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    作者简介
    谷佳杰:谷佳杰,法学博士,西南政法大学比较民事诉讼法研究中心副教授,研究方向为民事诉讼法、司法制度。
    葛琳颖:葛琳颖,西南政法大学比较民事诉讼法研究中心研究人员,研究方向为民事诉讼法、司法制度。
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