The heavy reliance on fossil fuels has aggravated the warming rate of the Arctic region. Floating nuclear power platforms can adapt to the harsh and cold climate conditions of the Arctic region，solve the energy shortage problem and help the Arctic region achieve “net zero emissions” as soon as possible，and have great potential for application in the Arctic region. This paper focuses on the development trends of nuclear power platforms in four Arctic countries，namely Russia，the United States，Canada and Norway，and the practical activities of the Arctic Council on the governance of nuclear power platforms，and analyzes the framework of international law and the current status of regulation applicable to nuclear power platforms. In order to cope with the continuous rising trend of radiological risks of nuclear power platforms in the Arctic，it is necessary to strengthen multi-level cooperation within and outside the region so that nuclear power platforms can be properly managed.