The Arctic region is experiencing a “great acceleration” of change under the influence of climate change，economic globalization，and the geopolitical dynamics of the Arctic. The consequences of this extreme transition are felt across the planet and affect people in many ways. As a result of climate change，the Arctic is facing a range of crises，including environmental damage，sea level rise，and security of life for indigenous peoples，and Arctic countries are taking steps to address the challenges of climate change. In 2021，the issue of climate change once again became at the forefront of Arctic governance，driven by the Glasgow Climate Change Conference and the Glasgow Climate Protocol，the focus on climate change in the Biden Administration，and the increased importance of climate change in the Arctic strategies of the Arctic states. The Arctic region witnessed a significant increase in resource development and utilization in 2021 in terms of shipping utilization，development infrastructure and mineral resources，and international cooperation. At the same time，under the influence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict，the Arctic states continue to strengthen their respective military deployments，and Arctic military security issues and Arctic geopolitics are under tension in the new situation. Against the backdrop of intensifying climate warming，unabated enthusiasm for resource use，and the continued ferment of military security issues，the Arctic governance mechanism is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.