Since the 13th Five-Year Plan period，intensive reform and innovation achieved in environmental informationization at all levels of government and accelerated the ecological and environmental big data construction as a key component which help to resolve long-standing issues like ‘scattered，chaotic，useless’ of environmental data and operation system，and failure in supporting senior requirement in environmental management and decision-making. This paper systematically clarified and analyzed the policy orientation，definition，data classification，and compilation of standards in China’s ecological and environmental big-data development. It also reviewed the development stage，construction framework and relevant advanced cases. The 14th Five-Year Plan period will be a new stage for the ecological and environmental big-data construction including higher requirements of the modernization of environmental governance capacity and system. The construction of intelligent and efficient ecological and environmental big data system will contribute to the transforming and overall change of China’s ecological environment protection. This paper provided an outlook for the development trend in technology development，supply industry and the contribution of ecological environment big data construction.