Italy was one of the countries hardest hit by the COVID-19 in 2020. As the first European country that recorded pandemic outbreak and one of the countries with the highest mortality rate of COVID-19，Italy implemented relatively stricter anti-pandemic measures，thus suffered more severe economic and social impacts. In response to the shock，Italian government introduced a series of social assistance programs and economic stimulus measures，which helped to avoid social unrest and lay the foundation for economic recovery after the pandemic. During the pandemic，the Italian political situation showed new characteristics：the power comparison of the two ruling parties changed，the Democratic Party increased its voice in the government，while the Five Star Movement remained sluggish. Regarding the opposition parties，the approval rate of the League declined，while the strength of Brothers of Italy increased and moved to the core of the central-right camp. At last，in the fight against the pandemic，the relationship between Italy and the EU has undergone changes from escalation of contradictions to slight improvement.