Solving the problem of migrant children’s high school entrance examination is of great significance for promoting education fairness，strengthening the construction of a strong human resource country，and promoting the construction of new urbanization. The problem of migrant children’s high school entrance examination has gone through four stages of development：passive response，autonomous exploration and solution by local governments，inclusion in the national policy agenda，and standardization of the system. The implementation of the policy for migrant children’s high school entrance examination mainly has the difficulties of large regional differences，incomplete liberalization of high school education in some areas，setting admission conditions，and relatively high admission conditions. The household registration system，the high school education funding mechanism，and the college entrance examination enrollment system are the main institutional bottlenecks for the implementation of this policy. In order to promote the effective implementation of this policy，it is recommended to implement the advanced examination policy based on residence certificates，establish a financial transfer payment system based on the permanent population，and a distribution system for the college entrance examination enrollment plan based on the number of applicants for the college entrance examination.