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    疫情背景下中国进城务工青年就业报告

    摘要

    互联网技术不仅培育出网络用工方式,还为共享经济搭建了畅通的数字平台。当共享经济的用工模式结合数字平台强大的信息处理功能,零工经济由此得到发展,并自然吸纳了大量进城务工青年群体。疫情下企业释放出部分闲置的自由劳动力,这些务工者成为疫情期间提供网络消费服务的重要群体,例如,网约车司机、外卖快递员、电商直播从业者等。在这个过程中,算法的确加快了任务分配和完成的速度,但也逐步趋向将劳动者异化,从业者不仅面临工作强度较大、实际收入较低、职业风险较高、社会保障缺乏等困境,还存在去技能化的隐忧。疫情背景下,成熟的灵活用工模式催生出新业态经济,各项法规也相继出台,为从业者提供相应的劳动保障,从业群体内部也倾向于通过工会、集体协商等方式维护自己的话语权,以获得更完备的社会保障。

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    Abstract

    The development of Internet technology not only cultivates young migrant workers who are more suitable for the network employment mode,but also builds a smooth digital platform for the sharing economy. When the employment mode of the sharing economy is combined with the powerful information processing function of the digital platform,the gig economy is thus developed,and naturally absorbs a large number of young migrant workers who grow up in this process. The outbreak of COVID-19 has released some free labor from enterprises that are struggling to survive. These workers have become an important source of online consumption services during the epidemic,such as online car hailing,food delivery,express delivery and e-commerce live streaming. In this process,the algorithm does improve the speed of task allocation and achievement,but it also gradually falls into the stage of alienation of workers. Practitioners are not only faced with difficulties such as high work intensity,low actual income,high occupational risk,and lack of social security,but also have the worry of being de-skilled. In the context of the epidemic,the mature flexible employment model has spawned a new business economy,and various laws and regulations have been issued to provide corresponding labor security for practitioners. Practitioners also tend to show their voice through trade unions and collective negotiation,so as to promote practitioners in the new business form to obtain more complete labor security.

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    作者简介
    刘小燕:刘小燕,工人日报社编辑,研究方向为农民工流动、就业、劳动保护等。
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