In recent years，with the rise of the Internet platform economy，a large number of new occupations have emerged，and takeaway riders（online delivery workers）are an important group of them. This report uses the data of the “Questionnaire Survey of Takeaway Rider Occupational Groups” jointly conducted by the research team and the Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to conduct a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics，living conditions，working conditions，career development，social security and other characteristics of the occupational group，and finds that the occupational group has a series of problems and challenges such as unclear labor identification，high occupational vulnerability，obstacles to social insurance participation，and low social status. On the basis of integrating the policies and practices of social protection of online delivery workers at home and abroad，the report puts forward suggestions and reflections on improving policies and regulations related to the protection of labor rights and interests，attaching importance to vocational training and quality improvement，improving the social insurance system，and creating a good professional environment.