近几年,我国大学毕业生总数不断突破历史纪录、增加速度显著加快,加之在新冠肺炎疫情的冲击下,全球经济增长乏力,国内经济下行压力明显,以致大学生就业遭遇异常严峻的挑战。为积极应对大学生“就业难”,本报告使用“中国大学生追踪调查”数据,纵向对比分析了2018~2021年大学生就业观念和就业状况的新特征、新趋势以及疫情带来的影响。研究发现:①在校大学生择业体现出非常明显的“体制内偏好”,并且这种体制内偏好呈现逐年加强趋势。选择去三四线中小城市、小县城、基层乡镇和农村工作的大学生比例呈现增加趋势。②在校大学生就业心态总体比较乐观,就业信心充足,虽然在新冠肺炎疫情后有所削弱,但大部分学生对自身就业还是充满信心。③2018~2021届大学毕业生毕业去向落实率总体变化不大,疫情后出现小幅度下降,但总体平稳。④2018~2021届大学毕业生工作收入总体呈现增长趋势,但疫情后增长率下降;疫情后大学生工作满意度下降明显。⑤疫情带来的累积性和持续性影响,叠加外部市场环境影响,2018~2021届大学毕业生就业稳定性变差,失业担忧情绪呈增长趋势。为促进大学生就业质量的提高,本报告提出了“施政策”“细服务”“稳心态”“定规划”“强保障”等对策建议。
<<In recent years,the total number of college graduates in China has constantly created the historical record and the growth rate has significantly accelerated. In addition,under the impact of the COVID-19,the global economic growth is sluggish and the domestic economy has obviously experienced downward pressure,which has led to unprecedented challenges for college students’ employment. In order to actively respond to the “difficult employment” of college students,this report uses survey data to make a longitudinal comparative analysis of the new features,new trends and the impact of the epidemic on college students’ employment ideology and employment status in 2018-2021. The research finds that:(1)College students’ job selection reflects strong preference within the system,and this preference shows a trend of strengthening year by year. The proportion of college students who choose to work in small and medium-sized cities,small counties,villages and rural areas is also increasing;(2)The employment mentality of college students is generally optimistic,and their employment confidence is sufficient. Although the confidence has been weakened after the COVID-19,the confidence level rebounds very quickly;(3)The employment rate of 2018-2021 college graduates has not changed much in general. After the epidemic,there has been a small decline,but the overall situation is stable. The employment of college graduates showed obvious changes,and the proportion continuing education among higher vocational schools and prominent colleges increased significantly after the epidemic. (4)The income of 2018-2021 college graduates showed an overall growth trend,but the growth rate decreased after the epidemic. After the epidemic,college students’ job satisfaction decreased significantly;(5)The continuous impact of the epidemic,combined with the impact of the external environment,reduced the employment stability of the 2018-2021 college graduates,and the concern about unemployment spread very quickly. In order to improve the employment quality of college students,this report puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,such as promoting policy support,improving students service,enhancing positive mentality,designing detailed measures,and strengthening social security.
<<