This report analyzes the housing conditions of urban and rural residents in China according to the data of the 2021 Chinese Social Survey. The research shows that the ownership rate of urban and rural households in China has risen steadily. The household property in China is mainly rural private housing and commercial housing in cities，which still has the characteristics of urban-rural dual system. However，with the continuous acceleration of China’s urbanization process，the way that urban and rural residents obtain houses，the trend of housing mobility，and the family housing assets have all undergone great changes. In general，the degree of marketization of housing in China is deepening，and the inequality of housing assets between urban and rural areas is significant，showing a trend of urbanization at the county level as the core.