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    美国推动新经贸规则体系对全球价值链格局的影响

    摘要

    本文梳理了新冠肺炎疫情以来,美国从多层次、多领域提出的对外合作新规则体系,涉及欧洲、亚太—美洲,既包括宏观的三大经济框架,也包括针对具体十大领域的28个规则合作框架。它们构成了新冠肺炎疫情以来美国重塑全球价值链的新体系,反映了美国安全供应链和制造业战略新布局,即从传统的“本土生产”+“离岸外包”模式转向“本土生产”+“回岸生产”+“近岸外包”+“友岸外包”模式。新体系本质仍是以美国利益为中心,破坏了WTO基于自由平等非歧视原则的传统经贸规则,其目的是将现有价值链格局塑造为以美国供应体系安全为中心的新格局,阻碍全球供应链区域内和区域间的融合,推动全球关键价值链朝着美国安全观演进。这样的体系有较大可能性沦为政治工具,冲击全球供应链稳定,加深发展中国家和发达国家间的鸿沟。

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    Abstract

    This article summarizes new rules system of international economic and trade rules proposed by the United States from multiple levels and fields since the COVID-19 outbreak,involving Europe,Asia-Pacific,America,including three macroeconomic frameworks,as well as a total of 28 specific nine fields. These rules and cooperation frameworks constitute a new system for the United States to reshape global value chains,and reflect the new layout of the United States’ security supply chain and manufacturing strategy:that is,from the traditional “local production”(Onshoring)+ “offshoring”(Offshore outsourcing)mode,turning to the mode of “Onshoring” + “Reshoring” + Near shoring + “Friend shoring”,the essence of the new system is based on the “America First”,it will destroy the traditional economic and trade rules of the WTO based on the principle of freedom,equality and non-discrimination. The purpose of the United States is to reshape the existing value chain pattern into a new pattern centered on the security of the U.S. supply system and hinder the global supply chain. Intra-regional and inter-regional integration promotes the evolution of key global value chains towards the US security concept. These rules have a high risk of being generalized as political tools,so it also will have impact on the stability of global supply chains and widen the growth gap between developing and developed countries.

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    作者简介
    石先进:石先进,中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所国际贸易研究室助理研究员,主要研究方向:全球贸易。
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