相对域外国家或地区,我国城市更新起步相对较晚,经历了从大拆大建到精细化管理,从单纯关注物质环境更新到关注历史人文可持续发展等的转变。新中国成立以来,北京城市更新大致经历了萌芽起步、探索发展、突破提升、提速增效、全面推进5个不同阶段,相继探索形成了各具特色的模式或案例,其中以首都功能核心区平房(院落)申请式退租和保护性修缮、恢复性修建,老旧小区改造,危旧楼房改建和简易楼腾退改造,老旧楼宇与传统商圈改造升级,低效产业园区“腾笼换鸟”和老旧厂房更新改造,城镇棚户区改造6种城市更新项目典型案例为代表,各种典型案例的项目背景、政策要求、更新模式各具特色,其难点和解决方案也各有差异。今后,北京城市更新工作应在深入总结不同典型实践案例经验的基础上,加快推进城市更新立法进程,强化政策制度与技术标准建设,积极鼓励社会资本参与,构建科学合理的利益分配机制。
<<Compared to other countries or regions,China’s urban renewal has started relatively late,and has gone through a development process from extensive management to refined management,from only infrastructure renewal to multiple objectives such as sustainable development of history and humanity. Since the founding of the people’s Republic of China,Beijing’s urban renewal has roughly gone through 5 different stages:germination stage,exploration stage,breakthrough stage,speeding up and efficiency increasing stage,and comprehensive promotion stage. Beijing’s urban renewal has successively explored and formed distinctive models or cases,such as applying surrender of tenancy,protective renovation,restorative construction of single-storey houses(courtyards) in the core function area of the capital,old communities reconstruction,reconstruction of dilapidated buildings and renovation of simply equipped buildings,upgrading of old buildings and traditional business districts,“vacating cage to change bird” in inefficient industrial parks and renovation of old factories,transformation of urban shanty towns. The project background,policy requirements and renewal mode of various typical cases have their own characteristics,and their difficulties and solutions also differ. In the coming period,based on the in-depth summary of the experience of different typical practical cases,Beijing’s urban renewal should accelerate the legislative process,strengthen the construction of policies,systems and technical standards,actively encourage the participation of social capital,and build a scientific and reasonable interest distribution mechanism.
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