India is an important innovative country in the South Asian subcontinent，with its economy rapidly developing in recent years. Thanks to government efforts and support，India has witnessed a significant improvement in STI. Its ranking on the global innovation index rose from 81st in 2015 to 46th in 2021. R&D output is also on the rise. Indian research papers have increased at an average annual growth rate of 8.24% in the past decade，compared to global average of 4.1% in the same period；the country’s patent authorizations have also spiked，accounting for 45% of the total patent applications in 2019. India now enjoys certain advantages in information technology，biomedicine，aerospace and energy sectors. It has participated in the global top-level governance and played a unique role in important global institutions. As the government attaches higher importance to STI and introduces more favorable policies，and India has established stable mechanisms on STI cooperation with other countries，there is enormous potential and space for Indian STI advances.