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    新就业形态劳动者就业质量分析——以外卖骑手为例

    摘要

    近年来,新就业形态层出不穷,就业规模不断扩大,新就业形态劳动者就业质量问题已成为政府和社会公众密切关注的问题。本报告聚焦外卖骑手这一典型职业,从劳动收入、工作自主性、工作强度、权益保障、职业发展以及从业感受与心理状态六个方面,分析了劳动者的就业质量现状。具体地,专职骑手的平均月收入处于中等水平,小时收入偏低;骑手自我感知的工作自主性较强;骑手的工作强度较大,超时劳动现象明显;签约情况不理想,社保参与率不高,权益保障存在缺失,利益表达通道不畅通;骑手参加与本职工作相关的培训比例较高,但参加其他培训较少,职业上升通道有限,职业发展受阻;骑手的心理状态和对职业的总体满意度均一般。针对存在的主要问题,如劳动报酬保障有待加强、社会保险覆盖率和保障程度低以及利益表达通道不畅通、机制不健全等,本报告提出了相应的对策建议,以提升劳动者就业质量,促进新就业形态健康发展。

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    Abstract

    In recent years,new employment forms have emerged and the scale of employment has been expanding. The employment quality of workers in new employment forms has become close concern to the government and the public. Focused on courier,this report analyses the current employment quality of workers from six aspects:labour income,work autonomy,working intensity,rights and benefits guarantee,career development and working perception and state. Specifically,the average monthly income of full-time workers is at a medium level,with low hourly earnings;workers’ self-perceived work autonomy is high;workers’ working intensity is high and overtime work is obvious;contract signing situation is unsatisfactory,social security participation rate is low,rights protection is lacking and access to expressing interests are poor;the proportion of workers participating in training related to their own work is high,but the proportion of workers participating in other training is low,so their career path is limited and their career development is hindered;workers’ psychological state and overall satisfaction with their careers are average. In response to the main problems,this report puts forward corresponding policy recommendations so as to improve the workers’ employment quality and promote the healthy development of new employment forms.

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    作者简介
    汪昕宇:汪昕宇,北京联合大学人力资源管理研究所所长,教授,主要研究领域为劳动就业创业、新就业形态、人力资源管理。
    谢玉:谢玉,北京联合大学管理学院硕士研究生,主要研究领域为新就业形态、人力资源管理。
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