“招工难”与“就业难”并存的结构性矛盾已经成为我国劳动力市场的常态和主要矛盾,本报告以珠海市企业为例分析“招工难”这一现象,其主要特征是市场供求缺口扩大,缺工主体从劳动密集型制造业逐步向各行业企业扩展,缺工对象从以一线普工为主向各类岗位人员扩展,缺工性质类型从流动性缺工向结构性、质量型缺工发展等。究其原因,有宏观层面的人口变化、区域发展不平衡,有中观层面的区位特点、生活环境、产业结构等,也有微观层面的劳动者就业期望、就业质量、企业竞争等。针对问题,本报告提出打造具有点位优势的产业和人才基地,引导企业实现从“低人工成本策略”向“高质量就业战略”转变,扩展招工引才网络,营造良好职住平衡的就业环境等政策建议。
<<The structural contradiction of “recruitment difficulty” and “employment difficulty” has become the normal and main contradiction in China’s labor market. This report takes Zhuhai’s enterprises as an example to analyze the recruitment difficulty. The main feature of this phenomenon is the widening gap between supply and demand in the market,the main body of labor shortage has gradually expanded from the enterprises in labor-intensive manufacturing industry to the enterprises in various industries,the target of labor shortage has expanded from general workers to all kinds of positions,the nature of labor shortage has changed from fluidity to structure and quality. The reasons are as follows:population change and unbalanced regional development at the macro level,and local characteristics such as location characteristics,living environment and industrial structure at the middle level. There are also workers’ employment expectation,employment quality,enterprise competition and soon at the micro level. In view of the problems,the report proposes to build industrial and talent bases with point advantages,guide enterprises to transform from “low labor cost strategy” to “high quality employment strategy”,expand the recruitment network and create a good employment environment of work-housing balance.
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