Building a more internationally competitive innovation ecosystem is the key for Shenzhen in its construction of a creative capital of innovation and entrepreneurship with global influence，and an important measure to implement the strategy of building a highland of scientific and technological and industrial innovation with global influence in the 14th Five-Year Plan of Shenzhen. The paper is based on the innovation ecosystem theory of “three layers and six chains” innovation ecosystem and analyzes in-depth the development process of the innovation ecosystem of the world’s top innovation country such as Israel，the Netherlands and Finland. The paper also summarizes and refines the basic laws of the development of the innovation ecosystem，The paper also proposes the preliminarily judgment that the Shenzhen innovation ecosystem is in a mature stage. Based on analyzing the innovation foundation and existing problems，the paper puts forward countermeasures for Shenzhen to build a more internationally competitive innovation ecosystem.