Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities，the risk of climate change in the Yellow River Basin has become increasingly complex and severe. The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin must pay attention to the response to the risk of climate change. Based on IPCC’s climate risk framework of “disaster-exposure-vulnerability” and the resilience theoretical framework of “engineering resilience-ecological resilience-evolutionary resilience”，this paper constructs a climate resilience assessment model for urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin，and divides sample cities into resilient cities，low-risk cities，vulnerable cities，and high-risk cities. The results show that 80% of the cities in the Yellow River Basin belong to vulnerable and high-risk cities，and the proportion of resilient cities is only 2.5%；the climate resilience level has obvious geographical distribution characteristics，and the upper and middle reaches are dominated by vulnerable cities，and the lower reaches are dominated by vulnerable cities. The proportion of high-risk cities in the region is the highest，and the four city types have undergone obvious transitions and transformations in both time and space dimensions. The article suggests that engineering resilience-economic resilience-social resilience-ecological resilience should be promoted collaboratively，and an integrated river basin risk response mechanism based on evolutionary resilience should be established，in order to improve the climate resilience and sustainable development capabilities of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin.