From the perspective of ecological civilization，promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of urban agglomeration economy is of great practical significance for achieving the goal of “reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emission before 2030 and striving to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060”，as well as the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The report expounds the problems of the economy，industrial structure，waste emissions，innovation ability and carbon emissions of major urban agglomerations in China based on the analysis of the economic development status of major urban agglomerations in China. The report also discusses the opportunities created by the national new urbanization strategy and the overall strategy of regional development，as well as the challenges posed by the volatile world，increasing geopolitical risks，dual carbon target constraints，and COVID-19 pandemic shocks. At last，the report puts forward policy suggestions such as continuously strengthening the top-level design of green planning，creating a new system for the development of core industries，establishing a green technology innovation system and a modern energy system，building a modern economic system for green and low-carbon development，and strengthening the policy guarantee for the green and low-carbon transition of urban agglomeration economy. It provides reference for Chinese urban agglomerations to realize green and low carbon transition.