The spatial pattern of urban agglomeration is one of the themes of the times. The optimization of the spatial pattern of urban agglomeration is of great significance for high-quality economic development，the construction of a new development pattern and the construction of ecological civilization. Firstly，under the background of ecological civilization，this paper puts forward a theoretical analysis framework of urban agglomeration spatial pattern optimization，which takes the balance and coordination of “living-production-ecological spaces” as the goal and the coupling and interaction of four subsystems. Then，this paper summarizes the experience and practice of urban agglomeration spatial pattern optimization represented by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei，Yangtze River Delta，Pearl River Delta，Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration，and points out the constraints of urban agglomeration spatial pattern optimization from four subsystems. Finally，this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the spatial pattern of urban agglomerations，such as promoting the implementation of industrial coordination policies，improving the planning and development policies of urban agglomerations，focusing on improving the quality of urban space，improving ecological compensation and protection policies，and establishing smart urban agglomerations.