Green and low-carbon development is the heart of high-quality development and an important part of building the modern socialist country. Based on the perspective of risk analysis，this report studies the connotation，public expenditure and fiscal-taxation policies of green and low-carbon development. Green and low-carbon transition may produce a series of economic，financial and social risks. The “risk-cost（benefit）” analysis method is the key to study this issue and risk thinking is an important guarantee for realizing green and low-carbon development. The analysis finds that improving the energy utilization efficiency of the secondary industry and accelerating the development of the tertiary industry are the fundamental ways to realize the decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption. General public budget expenditure mainly produces “carbon reduction” effect through environmental protection expenditure，and increasing environmental protection expenditure is an important way to promote green and low-carbon development. The basic idea for formulating fiscal and tax policies in the future is as follows-adopting risk thinking，identifying various risks brought by cost constraints，sharing the cost of green and low-carbon transformation through fiscal and taxation policies，increasing support for green and low-carbon technology R&D and industrial transformation and upgrading，and properly dealing with possible risks and hidden dangers in green and low-carbon transformation.