To further optimize the childbirth policy，the policy for a couple to have three children and supporting measures were formally proposed on May 31，2021. This study adopted two methods：questionnaire collection and big data collection. The results showed that 61.44% of residents said that they were very unlikely to have three children，21.47% of residents said that they were less likely to have three children. Only 3.20% of residents said that the probability of having three babies is relatively high and 1.00% of residents is very high. However，if the government meets the residents’ childbirth needs，the number of residents who are very likely to have three births will increase to 8.20%，and the number of residents who are more likely to have a third child will increase to 27.00%. The overall proportion increased by about 31%. In addition，the study found that compared with men，women have lower willingness to give birth，and people with a master’s degree and above have the lowest willingness to give birth. Morever，the economic needs of the right-age childbearing population were the highest，followed by individual psychological cost reduction needs，legal and system protection needs，concept change needs，individual life security and physical health needs，individual career development and parenting balance needs，women and children guarantee facility construction needs. Therefore，the relevant departments should actively take measures to meet the key needs of the right-age population to promote the increase of the willingness to bear children.