我国国家公园如何实施特许经营是当前迫切需要解决的问题。三江源国家公园在特许经营试点过程中,探索出特许经营共生发展的创新模式。该模式将特许经营视为一种保护机制,将严格保护、牧民普惠和经济发展融为一个共生整体目标,并渗透到特许经营多元主体角色之中,最终孕育出NGO特许模式和企业主导模式等共生合作组织模式。通过三江源案例,进一步凝练出国家公园特许经营共生发展机制。该机制能够有效避免在传统自然保护地的特许经营过程中,多元主体的独立目标协同机制所导致的发展失衡“痼疾”;能够促进国家公园人与自然更高层次的和谐发展。
<<How to implement concessions in Chinese national parks is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. During the pilots of concessions in Three-River Source National Park,a symbiotic model has been explored. This model regards concession as a protection mechanism,which integrates strict protection,inclusive benefits for herdsmen and economic development into a symbiotic overall goal,and penetrates into the multiple main roles of concession. Furthermore,the NGO and the Enterprise-Led concession symbiotic cooperative organization models have been found. Based on the case of concessions in Three-River Source National Park,the symbiotic concession mechanism of national park is further refined. This mechanism may effectively avoid the unbalanced development caused by the independent target coordination mechanism of multiple subjects in the concession process of traditional nature reserves,and may promote the harmonious development of people and nature in national parks at a higher level.
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