The development of the timber structure architecture has a long history in the Yellow River basin. Its rich architectural types and complex structural system are one of the projections of the Yellow River culture. As one of the carriers of the Yellow River culture，this paper systematically summarizes the historical development and cultural connotation of the traditional timber structure architecture. It is of great significance for the Yellow River culture inheritance and development to repair and protect the timber structure architecture with new technology. The development of modern timber structure architecture should absorb the cultural connotation and advantages of the traditional timber structure architecture，to form cultural characteristics of the Yellow River basin with the modern timber structure architecture system. At the same time，we should fully pay attention to and tap the potential of timber structure architecture in the field of near-zero energy consumption and near-zero emission. While promoting the construction of ecological civilization in China，it helps the construction industry to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.