The desert culture in the Yellow River basin is an important part of the Yellow River culture. It has both the generality and characteristics of the Yellow River culture and the desert culture. The desert culture is rich in content，diversified in forms and has the characteristics of distinct regionalism，remarkable pluralism and inclusiveness and so on. In the process of origin and historical evolution，a unique value system has been formed with the value orientation of realizing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The construction of ecological civilization in the desert area of the Yellow River basin is of great ecological，economic and political significance. The ecological crisis it faced is also a cultural crisis，a crisis of values. In the future，under the guidance of “Two Mountains Theory”，it will surely usher in high-quality development.