The 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road（MSR）is an important initiative put forward by China to deepen reform and safeguard the global free trade system，an important part of the community of shared future for mankind，and an important link to promote cultural exchanges and prosperity of human civilization. The natural environment of the MSR and its surrounding areas is complex and the social and cultural differences are huge. In this case，the risk assessment of the MSR is particularly important. Based on the possible risks including natural risk and humanistic risk under the MSR，this paper summarizes the main research related to the risk assessment of the MSR in recent years，and the general situation of the construction of the comprehensive support platform for the maritime Silk Road，and gives the assessment and guarantee solutions and the concept of the platform construction under the general risks of the MSR，in order to contribute a little to the development of the MSR initiative.