China-Africa medical and health cooperation is an important part of China-Africa’s “Ten Major Cooperation Plan”，and it is also the main starting point to promote the deepening of China-Africa relations under the framework of the “the Belt and Road”. Since China sent its first foreign medical team to Algeria in 1963，the medical and health cooperation between China and African countries has been advancing steadily. The outbreak of the COVID-19 in late 2019 has posed new challenges to the China-Africa medical and health cooperation. Both China and Africa are facing the arduous task of fighting the epidemic，stabilizing the economy and ensuring people’s livelihood. Therefore，how China and African countries can further plan and coordinate their medical and health strategies，improve their joint response to public health emergencies，promote the implementation of medical aid projects in Africa，and the integration of Chinese pharmaceutical products into Africa. These issues are not only related to African countries. The health and well-being of the people will also provide strong medical environment support for the maintenance of health security and social stability between China and African countries，and escort the promotion of China-Africa joint construction of “the Belt and Road”.