In the era of data economy，data resources realize flow，integration and value activation in more dimensions and wider fields. Among them，public data，as an important data resource with high value density，has become an important asset that cannot be ignored in the wave of data opening. From the perspective of open，the paper takes global data security risks and challenges，data compliance path and enterprises’ efforts in privacy protection as the main research scope，and carries out quantitative and qualitative research on the data compliance and privacy technology development environment. Systematically summarize the main security risks such as data leakage，improper use and illegal access，so as to provide threat insight for open public data；Combine and analyze the domestic and international legal and regulatory systems，propose important initiatives and focus areas for data compliance regulation，and providing legitimacy suggestions and compliance ideas for data security construction；Innovatively put forward the concept of privacy technology. Combined with the construction practice of enterprises in the field of privacy protection，this paper puts forward that privacy technology，as a series of technical solutions embedded in architecture and business scenarios，can effectively support the daily operation process of privacy protection and compliance，and will quickly obtain large-scale application in the industry. Through the above research，the paper tries to solve the data security challenges under the opening，and provides decision-making reference for further promoting open public data.