Through the review of existing policies and literature，this study summarizes the framework，content，empowerment method，weight of each indicator，and the advantages and disadvantages，as well as the methods of the current assessment indicator systems for national and regional science popularization capabilities. We found that the various systems have a high degree of overlap，and the difference is not obvious. Combined with the “Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy（2021-2035）”，this study illustrates the new connotation of national science popularization capabilities. On this basis，we try to rebuild the new assessment indicator systems for science popularization capabilities at the national level and the regional level，including the aspects of resources，education and training systems，infrastructures，channels，social organization network，macro management and coordinating and organizing ability.