On the basis of combing the relevant policies in the field of artificial intelligence （AI） and regional economic balance，this paper theoretically analyzed the logic of AI promoting the balanced development of regional economy：AI would widen the regional economic gap through production efficiency，capital deepening，labor endowment，skill premium and industrial organization，and promote regional economic convergence by improving human capital，market scale and enterprise financing ability in underdeveloped regions. To promote the balanced development among regions，AI faced the practical challenges brought by regional differences in human capital，market scale，enterprise benefits and investment constraints. Therefore，we need to improve the constraints by relying on intelligent technology，promoting factor flow，increasing fiscal and tax preference and giving full play to the role of the government，so as to promote the diffusion of AI in the central and western regions and the northeast region of China.