The construction of the National Water Grid is the guarantee of the overall economic security and high-quality economic development of the country. Ensuring both development and national security is critical to the National Water Grid. In view of the differences in regional development and the national security situation in China，the research probe into the systemized construction from the perspective of the water resources demand of national security （such as food，energy，ecology and drinking water），the water resource demand under high-quality development，and the water resource demand under the new development situation. The study holds view as follows：the construction of the National Water Grid should be based on meeting the “four guarantees（food，energy，ecology，drinking water）”，and consider the top-level layout of the 19 major urban agglomerations，industrial optimization and upgrading，basic infrastructure development and other elements. Under the requirements of the development situation in the new era，build the main skeleton artery of the National Water Grid as the “outline”，integrate the “item” of the Regional Water Grid，strengthen the “section” of the National Water Grid，forms the National Water Grid System with connective “outline”，supportive “item”，and active “section”.