Based on a questionnaire survey of children in distress in a certain district of Shanghai，this paper analyzes the basic situation，guardianship，learning and mental health of the children in distress and their parents.In view of some problems existing in the development of children in distress，it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the security system for children in distress，strengthen the construction of grass-roots child welfare workers，promote the involvement of professional social work，and support the participation of social forces.