Coping with climate change and realizing the vision of carbon neutrality have become a global consensus. Under the background that China implements the “double carbon” strategy to promote the accelerated transformation of the transportation sector，the Europe and U.S. plan to introduce unilateral climate trade policies，high-quality of new energy vehicles has become the key factor for global competition in the automotive industry. In order to effectively promote China’s new energy vehicle industry to grasp the development opportunities of zero-carbon economy，respond to the challenges from international carbon emission reduction technologies and trade and improve China’s competitiveness in the new field of carbon neutrality，this paper systematically sorts out the development strategies of new energy vehicles implemented in major economies and progress of implementation of the carbon neutrality goal by large vehicle manufacturers，identifies the driving factors and binding issues that affect the high-quality development of China’s new energy vehicle industry，especially focusing on major hotspots such as new energy vehicle carbon footprint accounting standard，carbon pricing mechanism and climate trade barriers. In addition，this paper also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for accelerating the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry in line with China’s national conditions.