In recent years，with a relatively high detection rate of scoliosis among primary and middle school students，China，has seen a year-on-year increase of the confirmed cases. Following obesity and myopia，scoliosis has become the third largest “killer” that threatens the physical and mental health of Chinese primary and secondary school students，which needs the government to pay great attention to. The scoliosis detected among primary and secondary school students is mostly postural scoliosis，with a high proportion of mild scoliosis and thoracic scoliosis. According to the monitoring results of common diseases and health influential factors among students nationwide in 2019，the detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature among students at primary and secondary schools was 2.8%. However，the recent “Double Reduction” policy has provided a good support for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis among children and adolescents. Looking into the future，to create a healthy and friendly environment for the spine health，it is necessary to form a joint prevention and control mechanism that integrates schools，families，society，medical and health institutions，and government’s relevant departments，and make full use of information resources such as popular science publicity，prevention，screening，and medical treatment to provide scientific and reasonable prevention and control of spine health，ensuring that the three-level prevention and control measures for children and adolescents’ spine health are in place.