Children and adolescents are a vital force in society. They are the hopes of a country and the future of a nation. Their healthy growth is of great significance. As China’s economy continues to grow in recent years，the nutritional deficiency of children has seen consistent improvement，but poor dietary behaviors also emerge as a factor which potentially affects the physical development and health of children and adolescents. Sedentary behavior is another factor that endangers the children’s physical health. There is an urgent need to strengthen the physical activities for children and adolescents. The incidence of physical injury has dropped sharply，but it is still at a high level，which threatens the physical and mental health of children and adolescents，and may cause a serious burden on medical caring. In addition，substance abuse has become an urgent serious problem among children and adolescents since more younger people are addicted to smoking and alcohol. In response to the aforementioned problems，the government should improve relevant systems and provide supporting policies，and various departments should coordinate to invest more and cooperate for the healthy growth of children and adolescents.